Kraft pulp from kawayan kiling (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex. Wendl) were subjected to two separate pre-treatment procedures (namely, chemical and mechanical) prior to sulfuric acid hydrolysis for nanocellulose production. Experimental nanocellulose yields were 26.94% for the bleached and alkali pretreated pulp and 1.20% for the mechanically refined pulp. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the chemically pre-treated bamboo pulp yielded nanocellulose with no residual lignin while the ground, acid-hydrolyzed pulp retained some lignin. FIB-FESEM imaging showed that nanofibrils with average widths of 39.13 + 34.11 nm were formed as hydrolysis products from the friction grinder treated material while nanometer-sized crystals with average widths of 134.2 + 34.33 nm were produced from the chemically treated bamboo pulp. EDS analysis showed no impurities in the products from the chemical treatment, whereas the presence of silicon was detected in the mechanically refined pulp. Based on XRD analysis, the degree of crystallinity of the nanofibrils and crystals were 49.47% and 56.92%, respectively. In future works, B. vulgaris pulp that will be mechanically treated may require bleaching to further remove residual lignin and thus improve acid hydrolysis.
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