The Practical Implications of Pope Francis’ Culture of Encounter and its Objectives of Establishing and Maintaining Peace in East Asia

Article Details

Angeli Francis S. Rivera, nan, teaches Philosophy at the Ateneo de Manila University. She is currently taking up her doctoral degree in teaches Fundamentals of Faith I-III at the University of Santo Tomas Senior High School. She is a Lay Montfortian Associate.

Journal: Maryhill School of Theology Review
Volume 23 Issue 1 (Published: 2021-06-01)

Abstract

This article explores the realization of Culture of Encounter or COE in Pope Francis’ objectives of sharing the expertise of the Church in establishing peace and security in the East Asian region. The researcher used text-based analysis in reading Pope Francis’ prepared and impromptu speeches in his Apostolic Journeys in East Asia. An author-based analysis is also utilized to align the aims of COE in Pope Francis’ Apostolic Journeys. Since the last East Asian country visited was in 1995 by John Paul II, Pope Francis’ interest in the region was reawakened. The researcher finds that the East Asian countries that Pope Francis’ visited are ‘geographical peripheries’. The highlights in his apostolic journeys are consistent with the COE’s four principles of building a people of peace found in sections 222-237 of his Apostolic Exhortation, Evangelii Gaudium. Furthermore, as far as the assessment is concerned, Pope Francis’ Apostolic Journeys have a significant impact on the growth of peace in the region.

Keywords: Apostolic Journeys • Culture of Encounter • East Asia • Peace • Pontifical Diplomacy • Pope Francis

DOI: mstreview.com
  References:

Official Documents

1) Benedict XVI. Deus Caritas Est: Encyclical Letter to the Bishops, Priests, Deacons, Men and Women Religious, and all the Faithful on Christian Love. http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est.html (accessed 15 July 2019).

2) Francis. Evangelii Gaudium: Apostolic Exhortation to the Bishops, Clergy, Consecrated Persons, and the Lay Faithful on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today’s World. http://www.vatican.va (accessed 5 October 2017).

3) _____________. “World Day of Peace Message 2020,” http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/peace/documents/papa-francesco_20191208_messaggio-53giornatamondiale-pace2020.html (accessed 29 April 2021).

4) Federation of Asian Bishops. “FABC Papers Nos. 155 and 161” http://www.fabc.org/offices/csec/ocsec_fabc_papers.html (accessed 13 February 2020).

5) Paul VI. “Address of Paul VI at Teheran Airport, Iran” November 26, 1970, http://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/fr/speeches/1970/ documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19701126_aeroporto-teheran.html (accessed 19 February 2020).

6) _____________. “Address of Paul VI to Armenian Patriarch Yegheshe Derderian” January 4, 1964, http://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/speeches/1964/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19640104_ derderian.html (accessed 19 February 2020).

7) _____________. “Address of Paul VI to the King of Jordan” January 4, 1964, http://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/speeches/1964/ documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19640104_jordania.html (accessed 19 February 2020).

nan

Books

8) Balthasar, Hans Urs von. Romano Guardini: Reform from the Source. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2010.

9) Fernández, Victor Manuel. “Encounter.” in A Pope Francis Lexicon, eds. Joshua McElwee and Cindy Wooden. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 2018.

10) Kelly, Michael. “Pope Francis and the Challenge to Catholics” in The Francis Factor: A New Departure, eds. Little John and Eamon Maher. Dublin Ireland: Columbia Press, 2014.

11) Massaro, Thomas. “The First Jesuit Pope: The Contribution of the Jesuit Charism to His Political Views” in Pope Francis as a Global Actor: Where Politics and Theology Meet, eds. Alynna Lyon, Christine Gustafson, and Paul Christopher Manuel. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.

12) O’Connor, Garry. Universal Father: A Life of John Paul II. New York: Bloomsbury, 2005.

13) Powers, Gerard. “Religion and Peacebuilding” in International Relations and Religion, Vol. 3, eds. Ron E. Hassner and Isak Svensson. Los Angeles: Sage Reference, 2016.

14) Ray Stephen, and R. Dennis Walters. The Papacy: What the Pope Does and Why it Matters. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2018.

15) Renehan Jr., Edward J. Pope John Paul II. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007.

16) Rourke, Thomas. The Roots of Pope Francis’ Social and Political Thought: From Argentina to Vatican. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.

17) Royal, Robert. A Deeper Vision: The Catholic Intellectual Tradition in the Twentieth Century. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2015.

18) Weigel, George. Witness to Hope: The Biography of John Paul II. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 2009.

nan

Journals

19) Scannone, Juan Carlos. “Pope Francis and the Theology of the People.” Theological Studies 1 (2016): 118-135.

20) Vukievi, Boris. “Pope Francis and the Challenges of Inter-Civilization Diplomacy” Revisita Brasileira de Politica Internacional 2 (July-December 2015): 65-79.

nan

Lecture

21) Orlando Antonini. “The Diplomatic Activity of the Holy See,” Lecture, Megatrend University, Belgrade, December 10, 2014.

22) Internet Sources

23) ASEAN. “Holy See to Explore Cooperation with ASEAN in Promoting Inter-Religious Tolerance and Understanding” https://asean.org/holy-see-to-explore-cooperation-with-asean-in-promoting-inter-religious-tolerance-and-understanding/ (accessed 13 February 2020).

24) British Broadcasting Company. “Myanmar Ronghiya: What You Need to Know about the Crisis” January 23, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41566561 (accessed 20 February 2020).

25) _____________. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un invites Pope Francis to Pyongyang” October 9, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45796303 (accessed 24 February 2020).

26) _____________. “Pope Francis in Manila: Six Million Attend Outdoor Mass” January 18, 2015, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30869019 (accessed 24 February 2020).

27) Calvalho, Nirmala. “Persecuted Church in Myanmar Thrived, Cardinal Says” February 3, 2018, https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/02/persecuted-church-myanmar-thrived-cardinal-says/ (accessed 24 February 2020).

28) Central Intelligence Agency. “The World Fact Book: the Philippines” February 7, 2020, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html (accessed 19 February 2020).

29) Farr, Thomas. “The Vatican Accord with China: Riding the Dragon: A Testimony Before the Congressional-Executive Committee on China, November 28, 2018” https://static1.squarespace.com/ static/57052f155559869b68a4f0e6/t/5bfee46803ce64aca78d5153/1543431272570/Thomas+Farr_Testimony+on+Vatican+Accord+with+China_Cong_Exec+Cttee+on+China_11.28.18.pdf (accessed 13 February 2020).

30) Fox, Thomas. “Pope Francis’ Focus on South Korean Trip: A Call for Reconciliation” August 23, 2014, https://www.ncronline.org/ news/world/pope-francis-focus-south-korean-trip-call-reconciliation (accessed 24 February 2020).

31) Gisotti, Alessandro. “A Pontificate on the Roads of the World” December 23, 2019, https://www.vaticannews.va/en/ pope/news/2019-12/pope-francis-apostolic-journeys-2019.html (accessed 21 February 2020).

32) Glatz, Carol “Vietnam, Vatican Agree to Update Diplomatic Relations in Near Future.” December 20, 2018, https://www. ncronline.org/news/vatican/vietnam-vatican-agree-upgrade-diplomatic-relations-near-future (accessed February 24, 2020).

33) Gomes, Robin. “Catholic Population of S. Korea grows by 50% in 20 years” https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2020-01/ south-korea-cathoic-population-statistics.html (accessed 19 February 2020).

34) Holy See Press Office. “In Flight Press Conference of His Holiness Pope Francis From Korea to Rome” August 18, 2014, https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2014/august/documents/papa-francesco_20140818_corea-conferenza-stampa.html (accessed 13 February 2020).

35) _____________. “Message of Pope Francis to the Catholics of China and to the Universal Church” September 26, 2018, https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/09/26/180926b.html (accessed 24 February 2020).

36) Holy See. “Diplomatic Relations” http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html (accessed 18 March 2019).

37) _____________. “Holy See and China Renew Provisional Agreement for Two Years” https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-10/holy-see-china-provisional-agreement-renew-appointment-bishops.html (accessed 7 January 2021).

38) _____________. “Joint Press Communiqué on the Viet Nam – Holy See Working Group (21-22 August 2019)” https://press.vatican.va/contennt/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/08/23/190823a.html (accessed 13 February 2020).

39) Japan Times. “No Need to Review Three Non-Nuclear Principles, Kono Says” September 8, 2017, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/08/national/no-need-review-three-non-nuclear-principles-kono-says/ (accessed 20 February 2020).

40) Mauch, Peter. “On the Trail of the Pope in Japan” December 4, 2019, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/trail-pope-japan (accessed 24 February 2020).

41) Mckenna, Josephine. “5 Things to Know about Pope Francis’ Visit to to South Korea” August 13, 2014, https://www. washingtonpost.com/national/religion/5-things-to-know-about-pope-francis-visit-to-south-korea/2014/08/13/c9aa1fb2-231a-11e4-8b10-7db129976abb_story.html (accessed 24 February 2020).

42) Nitta, Yuichi. “Pope Francis Clearing New Path in Asia” https://asianikkei.com/Spotlight/Asia-Insight/Pope-Francis-clearing-new-path-for-Christianity-in-Asia2 (accessed 13 February 2020).

43) O’Connell, Gerard. “In Bangladesh, Pope Francis will Encounter Natural and Man-made Disasters” November 29, 2017, https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2017/11/29/bangladesh-pope-francis-will-encounter-natural-and-man-made-disasters (accessed 24 February 2020).

44) _____________. “What it Means for Pope Francis to Visit Thailand, a Majority Buddhist Country” November 18, 2019, https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2019/11/18/what-it-means-pope-francis-visit-thailand-majority-buddhist-country (accessed 24 February 2020).

45) Parameswaran, Prashanth. “The Pope’s Pivot to Asia: Why Southeast Asia is Featuring Prominently in the Catholic Church Agenda” January 6, 2015, https://thediplomat.com/2015/01/the-popes-pivot-to-asia/, (accessed 13 February 2020).

46) Sang-Hun, Choe. “Kim Jong-un Invites Pope Francis to North Korea” October 9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/09/ world/asia/kim-jong-un-pope-francis-north-korea.html (accessed 24 February 2020).

47) So-Young, Ahn. “Pope, Unlikely to Visit North Korea Next Year, Vatican Says” December 7, 2018, https://www.voanews.com/east-asia/pope-unlikely-visit-north-korea-next-year-vatican-says (accessed 24 February 2020).

48) United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. “North Korea Chapter” https://www.uscirf.gov/reports-briefs/annual-report-chapters-and-summaries/north-korea-chapter-2019-annual-report (24 February 2020).

49) Viehland, N.J. “Pope Francis’ Visit to the Philippines Spoke to Filipinos Heart-to-Heart” National Catholic Reporter, January 23, 2015, https://www.ncronline.org/news/world/pope-francis-visit-philippines-spoke-filipinos-heart-heart (24 February 2020).

50) Watkins, Devin. “Pope in Japan-Overview of Day Three” November 25, 2019, https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-11/pope-francis-apostolic-visit-japan3.html (accessed 24 February 2020).

51) World Population Review. “Highest Catholic Population” http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/highest-catholic-population/ (accessed 19 February 2020).

  Cited by:
     None...