nan
Keywords: advertising, colonial, social, cultural, micro-history[1] Ad Standards Council. (2016). Guidebook. Makati City, Philippines: Ad Standards Council. Adgate, B. (2020, December 14). Business: Ad
[2] Agency Forecast: Expect the Advertising Market to Rebound in 2021. Retrieved September 2021, from Forbes Media Website:https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradadgate/2020/12/14/ad_x0002_agency-forecast-expect-the-advertising- market-to-rebound-in_x0002_2021/?sh=42fb71f6adb4
[3] Adobo magazine. (2020, June 15). Insight: "Advertising Trends in the Time of COVID-19" by Jay Bautista, MD of Kantar Media. Retrieved September 2021, from adobo magazine Web site: https://adobomagazine.com/uncategorized/insight-advertising-trends_x0002_in-the-time-of-covid-19-by- jay-bautista-md-of-kantar-media/
[4] Anderson, C. W., Bell, E., & Shirky, C. (2012). Post-Industrial Journalism Adapting to the Present.New York City: Columbia Journalism School.
[5] Carandang, G., Cua, P., De Ocampo, K., Martija, L., Salas, B., Villaraza, C., . . .
[6] Amper, E. (2020). COVID-19: Current Impact on Philippines CPG and Retail. Nielsen.
[7] De la Torre, V. R. (1989). Advertising in the Phlipppines (Its Historical, Cultural and Social Dimensions). Philippines: Tower Book House.
[8] Deocampo, N. (2017, November 20). Cine: Spanish Influence on Early Cinema in the Philippines. Retrieved May 2019, from Scribd: https://www.scribd.com/read/365028190/Cine-Spanish_x0002_Influences-on-Early-Cinema-in-the-Philippines
[9] Hepp, A., Hjarvard, S., & Lundby, K. (2015). Mediatization: Theorizing the Interplay between Media, Culture and Society. Media, Cultre & Society, 1-11.
[10] Herman, E., & Chomsky, N. (2012). A Propaganda Model. In M. Durham, & D. Keller (Ed.), Media and Cultural Studies: Key Works. Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
[11] Hjarvard, S. (2008). The Mediatization of Socety: A Theory of the Media as Agents of Social and Cultural Change. Nordicom Review, 29(2), 105-134.
[12] Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. (2012). The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception. In M. G. Durham, & D. Kellner (Ed.), Media and Cultural Studies: Key Works. Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Wiley_x0002_Blackwell.
[13] Kwakkel, E. (2013, April 15). Making Books for Profit in Medieval Times. Retrieved May 2019, from Medieval Fragments: https://medievalfragments.wordpress.com/2013/04/15/making_x0002_books-for- profit-in-medieval-times/
[14] Lent, J. A. (1969). Advertising in the Philippines. Philippine Studies, 17(1), 72-96.
[15] Mayer, D. (1985, Fall). The New Social History: Implications for Archivists. Retrieved May 2019, from The American Archivist: https://americanarchivist.org/doi/abs/10.17723/aarc.48.4.l107660916858k13
[16] Medina, J. (1992). Appendix I: The First Newpaper of the Philippines. In W. G. Retana, El Periodismo Filipino (1811-1894). Translated by R. L. Nazareno & M. L. Peña, Manila, Philippines: Philippine Press Institute.
[17] Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N., & Wells, W. (2015). Advertising & IMC: Principles & Practice. Singapore: Pearson Education Limited.
[18] NGP IMC. (2021). Insights: Top 4 Media Changes During the Pandemic. Retrieved September 2021, from NGP IMC: https://www.ngpimc.com/top-media-changes-pandemic/
[19] Omnicom Media Group Philippines. (2020). Philippine Media Landscape FY 2019.Manila.
[20] Rappler. (2021, August 11). Arts & Culture: Belo apologizes for insensitive and upsetting" ad. Retrieved September 2021, from Rappler Web site: https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts- culture/belo-apologizes_x0002_for-pandemic-effect_x0002_ad?fbclid=IwAR1f_o1IpbV1aAk42Xb6LMGBZ2OHvcp4U6kVlMzdJTzfRYl9EvTj6LSFzHs
[21] Retana, W. G. (1992). El Periodismo Filipino (1811-1894). Translated by RL. Nazareno & M. L. Peña, Manila, Philippines: Philippine Press Institute.
[22] Retana, W. G. (2018). El Periodismo Filipino (1811-1910): The First Century of Philippine Journalism.Translated & Annotated by J. M. Marquez & J. Z. Torres, Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Foundation, Inc.
[23] Reuters. (2018, 24 September). Global advertising expenditure to grow 4.5% in 2018: Zenith. Retrieved May 2019, from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-advertising-forecast/global_x0002_advertising-expenditure-to-grow-4-5-percent-in-2018-zenith_x0002_idUSKCN1M30XT
[24] Rubin, M. (2002). What is Cultural History now? In D. Canadine (Ed.), What is History Now. London, United Kingdom: Penguin Books.
[25] Rubin, M. (2008). Cultural history I: what`s in a name? Retrieved May 2019, from Making History: The changing face of the profession in history: https://www.history.ac.uk/makinghistory/resources/articles/cultural_history.html
[26] Santiago, L. (2012, March-June). The First Filipino Woman Printer-Publisher in the Spanish Period: Doña Remigia Salazar Talusan viuda de López (c. 1800-c. 1860). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 40(1, 2), 1-33.
[27] The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2019). Philippine Revolution. Retrieved May 2019, from Encyclopedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-Revolution
[28] The Nielsen Company. (2021, June 25). Insights: The Nielsen Company. Retrieved September 2021, from The Nielsen Company Website:https://www.nielsen.com/ph/en/insights/article/2021/navigating_x0002_media-disruption-in-the-Philippines-with-always-on-cross-platform_x0002_measurement/
[29] Thompson, J. B. (1995). The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media. Cambridge: Polity Press. Torres, J. Z. (2018). A History of the Philippine Press (1811-1910). In W. G. Philippine Journalism. Translated & Annotated by J. M. Marco & J. Z. Torres, Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Foundation, Inc.
[30] Torres, P. L. (1992). Appendix III: Notes and Additions. In W. G. Retana, El Periodismo Filipino (1811- 1894). Translated by R. L. Nazareno & M. L. Peña, Manila, Philippines: Philippine Press Insitute.
[31] Trip & Travel. (2012, August 2). The oldest advertisement in the world found in Thebes, Egypt. Retrieved May 2019, from Trip & Travel:https://tripandtravelblog.com/the-oldest-advertisement-in-the- world_x0002_found-in-Thebes-Egypt-did-you-know-that/
[32] Ybañez-Pusta, M. (2014). Mediamorphosis: The Dynamics of Communication and Socio-Cultural Change. (M. A. Revilla, Ed.) Malabon: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.