Poverty is always accompanying unmet food needs; hence it can disrupt food security. Efforts to improve food security can be made with government policy through food assistance, namely, rice for the poor and also increasing the amount of rice production from rice farmers to meet the adequacy of rice in an area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of food assistance (Rastra) and farmers’ welfare on food security in terms of rice availability in Aceh-Indonesia in the short and long term. The model used is auto regression distributed lag (ARDL), and the determinant variables that are considered in this study are food assistance, farmers’ welfare, human capital (health), harvested area, and regional inflation conditions. The results show that, in the short term, food assistance, farmers’ welfare, harvested area, and health have a positive effect on food security. Meanwhile, inflation has a significant negative effect. However, in the long run, only the harvested area has a positive effect, and health has a significant and negative effect on food security in the availability of rice. This implies that the amount of local rice must be increased by utilizing existing agricultural land; hence, it can meet the availability of rice for food security in the short and long term.
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