Bilang ambag sa mga pamamaraan ng pananaliksik o research methods, binigyang hubog namin ang ‘mapangahas na pananaliksik’ (insurgent approach to research) sa praktika. Humahalaw sa postkolonyal, peminista, at nakikilahok na pananaliksik (postcolonial, feminist, at participatory research), ‘mapangahas’ ito dahil matapang nitong sinusubok magsuri at bumuo ng kaalamang babangga sa mga makapangyarihang kaisipan at kasanayang humuhubog ng konkretong kalagayan sa mga pinakanangangailangang komunidad. Susi ang malalim na kolaborasyon sa mga katuwang sa pananaliksik sa pagbubuo ng kaalamang mapangahas. Inilarawan namin sa papel na ito ang aming kolaborasyon sa pagtuklas ng araw-araw na tunggalian sa isang komunidad ng mga Moro sa Davao City mula Hulyo 2016. Bunga ng matinding kawalang katiyakan at ng suliraning ‘gera laban sa droga’ sa komunidad, nahubog ang magkatuwang naming pananaliksik. Sinuri at sinuportahan namin ang pagsisikap sa community-based drug prevention para tugunan ang pangangailangan ng komunidad. Inilatag namin ang mga benepisyo nitong higit na malalim na pagkatuto at makabuluhang handog sa mga komunidad na nilulubugan ng mga mananaliksik. Gayundin, tinatawagan namin ng pansin ang mga posibleng suliranin sa magkatuwang na pananaliksik, tulad ng: hindi pantay na mga kontribusyon, at mga posibleng kapahamakaman at kapakinabangan. Giit naming, una, maaaring gumawa ng mga oportunidad para sa mapangahas na pagbuo ng kaalaman sa aktibong kolaborasyon sa mga katuwang sa pagtuklas. Ikalawa, ang pagtugon sa pangangailangan ng komunidad ang pundasyon ng mapangahas na pananaliksik.
Keywords: Mapangahas na pananaliksik, insurgent approach, participatory research methodAbaya, E., Lucas-Fernan, M.L., & Noval-Morales, D.Y. (1999). Shifting terms of engagement: A review of the history of anthropology in the Philippines. In V. A. Miralao (ed), The Philippine Social Sciences in the Life of the Nation, Vol. 1: The History and Development of the Social Science Disciplines in the Philippines. Quezon City: The Philippines: Philippine Social Science Council.
Bergold, J. & Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory Research Methods: A Methodological Approach in Motion. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung, 37, 4 (142):191-222.
Bergold, J. (2007) Participatory strategies in community psychology research – a short survey. In Bokszczanin, A. (ed.), Poland welcomes community psychology: Proceedings from the 6th European Conference on Community Psychology. Opole: Opole University Press.
Bourgois, P. (1990). Confronting Anthropological Ethics: Ethnographic Lessons from Central America. Journal of Peace Research, 27(1):43-54.
Bourgois, P. (1996). Confronting Anthropology, Education, and Inner-City Apartheid. American Anthropologist, New Series, 98(2):249-258.
Castillo, R. C. (2015). The Emotional, Political, and Analytical Labor of Engaged Anthropology Amidst Violent Political Conflict. Medical Anthropology, 34:70-83.
Charmaz, K. (2013). Grounded Theory Methods in Social Justice Research. In Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (eds). Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, (4th ed.). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi: Sage Inc.
COA Commission on Audit (2018). Annual Financial Report. [www.coa.gov.ph, accessed 20 October 2020].
Cook, T. (2012). Where participatory approaches meet pragmatism in funded (health) research: The challenge of finding meaningful spaces. Forum Qualitataive Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1):Art. 18.
Dangerous Drugs Board. (2016). Oplan Sagip [https://www.ddb.gov.ph/sidebar/301-community-based-treatment-andrehabilitation-resources, accessed 20 October 2020].
Dangerous Drugs Board (2019). Board Regulation No. 7 [https://www.ddb.gov.ph/sidebar/301-community-based-treatment-andrehabilitation-resources, accessed 20 October 2020].
Estacio, L. R. (2009). Resiliency Approach to Addressing Drug Addiction: A Paradigm Shift to Building Drug Resistant Communities in the Philippines. UP Manila Journal, Special Issue:60-84.
Fernandez, M.C., Quijano, N., & Pangilinan, A. (2019). Examining the effects of drug-related killings on Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer beneficiaries in Metro Manila, 2016-2017, [Pre-print available at DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32082.91849/1].
Goeke, S. & Kubanski, D. (2012). Menschen mit Behinderungen als Grenzgängerinnen im akademischen Raum – Chancen partizipatorischer Forschung. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1):Art. 6.
Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Inc.
Heck, P. (2004) Jihad Revisited. Journal of Religious Ethics, 32(1):95-128.
Hegghammer, T. (2011) The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters: Islam and the Globalization of Jihad. International Security, 35(3):53-94.
Human Rights Watch. (2009). You Can Die Anytime: Death Squad Killings Mindanao. [https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/04/06/you-can-die-anytime/death-squad-killings-mindanao, accessed 30 October 2020].
Human Rights Watch. (2020). Philippines: Events of 2019. [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/philippines, accessed 30 October 2020].
Insurgent Scholars for Humanity International Network (2017). “Preamble”. In www.scholarsforhumanity.org.
Johnson, H. & Giles, C. (2019). Philippines drug war: Do we know how many have died? BBC News, 12 Nobyembre. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50236481, accessed 31 October 2020].
Kellner, D. (2004). 9/11, spectacles of terror, and media manipulation: A critique of Jihadist and Bush media politics. Critical Discourse Studies, 1(1):41-46.
Lincoln, Y. S. (1995) Emerging Criteria for Quality in Qualitative and Interpretive Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 1(3):275-289.
Low, S. & Merry, S. E. (2010). Engaged anthropology: Diversity and dilemmas: An introduction to supplement 2. Current Anthropology, 51(S2): S203-S226.
Mansfield, K. C. (2014). How Listening to Student Voices Informs and Strengthens Social Justice Research and Practice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(3): 392-430.
McTaggart, R. (1997). Guiding principles for participatory action research. In McTaggart, R. (ed.), Participatory action research: International contexts and consequences. New York: Albany. Merriam-Webster (2020), “Jihad”. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jihad. Accessed 20 October 2020].
Mishra, R. K. (2013). Postcolonial feminism: Looking into within-beyond-to difference. International Journal of English and Literature, 4(4):129-134.
Morse, J. M. (1994). Qualitative Research: Fact or Fantasy? In Morse, J. M. (ed.), Qualitative Research Methods. California, London, New Delhi: Sage Inc.
Narayan, K. (1993). How Native Is a “Native” Anthropologist? American Anthropologist. New Series, 95(3):671-686.
NSO National Statistics Office. (2010). Census of Population and Housing. [www.psa.gov.ph, accessed 30 October 2020].
Ortner, S. B. (2019). Practicing Engaged Anthropology. Anthropology of This Century, 25:Art. 1.
Ortner, S. B. (2016). Dark Anthropology and its Others: Theory Since the 80s. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1): 47-73.
Pachirat, T. (2009). The Political in Political Ethnography: Dispatches from the Kill Floor. In Schatz, E. (ed.), Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Page, T. (2017). Vulnerable writing as feminist methodological practice. Feminist Review, 115:13-29.
Parashar, S. (2016). Introduction: Feminism and Postcolonialism: (En)gendering Encounters. Postcolonial Studies, 19(4):371-377.
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority (2015). Census of Population. [www.psa.gov.ph, accessed 30 October 2020].
Pitlo III, L. B. (2019) The other side of Duterte’s war on drugs: rehabilitation, rescue and rooting out corruption. South China Morning Post, 22 Pebrero.
Reason, P. & Bradbury, H. (2008). Introduction. In Reason, P. & Bradbury, H. (eds.). The Sage handbook of action research, Participative inquiry and practice (2nd Ed.). London: Sage.
Russo, J. (2012). Survivor-controlled research: A new foundation for thinking about psychiatry and mental health. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1):Art. 8.
Scheper-Hughes, N. (1993). Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Scheper-Hughes, N. (1995). The Primacy of the Ethical: Propositions for a Militant Anthropology. Current Anthropology, 36(3):409-440.
Smith, J. K. (1993). After the demise of empiricism: the problem of judging social and education inquiry. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Streusand, D. E. (1997). What Does Jihad Mean? Middle East Quarterly, September: 9-17.
Thieme, J. (2003). Post-colonial Studies: The Essential Glossary. London, Arnold.
Thieme, S. & Siegmann, K. A. (2010). Coping on Women’s Backs: Social Capital-Vulnerability through a Gender Lens. Current Sociology, 58(5):715-737.
Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Abaya, E., Lucas-Fernan, M.L., & Noval-Morales, D.Y. (1999). Shifting terms of engagement: A review of the history of anthropology in the Philippines. In V. A. Miralao (ed), The Philippine Social Sciences in the Life of the Nation, Vol. 1: The History and Development of the Social Science Disciplines in the Philippines. Quezon City: The Philippines: Philippine Social Science Council.
Bergold, J. & Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory Research Methods: A Methodological Approach in Motion. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung, 37, 4 (142):191-222.
Bergold, J. (2007) Participatory strategies in community psychology research – a short survey. In Bokszczanin, A. (ed.), Poland welcomes community psychology: Proceedings from the 6th European Conference on Community Psychology. Opole: Opole University Press.
Bourgois, P. (1990). Confronting Anthropological Ethics: Ethnographic Lessons from Central America. Journal of Peace Research, 27(1):43-54.
Bourgois, P. (1996). Confronting Anthropology, Education, and Inner-City Apartheid. American Anthropologist, New Series, 98(2):249-258.
Castillo, R. C. (2015). The Emotional, Political, and Analytical Labor of Engaged Anthropology Amidst Violent Political Conflict. Medical Anthropology, 34:70-83.
Charmaz, K. (2013). Grounded Theory Methods in Social Justice Research. In Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (eds). Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, (4th ed.). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi: Sage Inc.
COA Commission on Audit (2018). Annual Financial Report. [www.coa.gov.ph, accessed 20 October 2020].
Cook, T. (2012). Where participatory approaches meet pragmatism in funded (health) research: The challenge of finding meaningful spaces. Forum Qualitataive Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1):Art. 18.
Dangerous Drugs Board. (2016). Oplan Sagip [https://www.ddb.gov.ph/sidebar/301-community-based-treatment-andrehabilitation-resources, accessed 20 October 2020].
Dangerous Drugs Board (2019). Board Regulation No. 7 [https://www.ddb.gov.ph/sidebar/301-community-based-treatment-andrehabilitation-resources, accessed 20 October 2020].
Estacio, L. R. (2009). Resiliency Approach to Addressing Drug Addiction: A Paradigm Shift to Building Drug Resistant Communities in the Philippines. UP Manila Journal, Special Issue:60-84.
Fernandez, M.C., Quijano, N., & Pangilinan, A. (2019). Examining the effects of drug-related killings on Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer beneficiaries in Metro Manila, 2016-2017, [Pre-print available at DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32082.91849/1].
Goeke, S. & Kubanski, D. (2012). Menschen mit Behinderungen als Grenzgängerinnen im akademischen Raum – Chancen partizipatorischer Forschung. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1):Art. 6.
Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Inc.
Heck, P. (2004) Jihad Revisited. Journal of Religious Ethics, 32(1):95-128.
Hegghammer, T. (2011) The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters: Islam and the Globalization of Jihad. International Security, 35(3):53-94.
Human Rights Watch. (2009). You Can Die Anytime: Death Squad Killings Mindanao. [https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/04/06/you-can-die-anytime/death-squad-killings-mindanao, accessed 30 October 2020].
Human Rights Watch. (2020). Philippines: Events of 2019. [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/philippines, accessed 30 October 2020].
Insurgent Scholars for Humanity International Network (2017). “Preamble”. In www.scholarsforhumanity.org.
Johnson, H. & Giles, C. (2019). Philippines drug war: Do we know how many have died? BBC News, 12 Nobyembre. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50236481, accessed 31 October 2020].
Kellner, D. (2004). 9/11, spectacles of terror, and media manipulation: A critique of Jihadist and Bush media politics. Critical Discourse Studies, 1(1):41-46.
Lincoln, Y. S. (1995) Emerging Criteria for Quality in Qualitative and Interpretive Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 1(3):275-289.
Low, S. & Merry, S. E. (2010). Engaged anthropology: Diversity and dilemmas: An introduction to supplement 2. Current Anthropology, 51(S2): S203-S226.
Mansfield, K. C. (2014). How Listening to Student Voices Informs and Strengthens Social Justice Research and Practice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(3): 392-430.
McTaggart, R. (1997). Guiding principles for participatory action research. In McTaggart, R. (ed.), Participatory action research: International contexts and consequences. New York: Albany. Merriam-Webster (2020), “Jihad”. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jihad. Accessed 20 October 2020].
Mishra, R. K. (2013). Postcolonial feminism: Looking into within-beyond-to difference. International Journal of English and Literature, 4(4):129-134.
Morse, J. M. (1994). Qualitative Research: Fact or Fantasy? In Morse, J. M. (ed.), Qualitative Research Methods. California, London, New Delhi: Sage Inc.
Narayan, K. (1993). How Native Is a “Native” Anthropologist? American Anthropologist. New Series, 95(3):671-686.
NSO National Statistics Office. (2010). Census of Population and Housing. [www.psa.gov.ph, accessed 30 October 2020].
Ortner, S. B. (2019). Practicing Engaged Anthropology. Anthropology of This Century, 25:Art. 1.
Ortner, S. B. (2016). Dark Anthropology and its Others: Theory Since the 80s. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1): 47-73.
Pachirat, T. (2009). The Political in Political Ethnography: Dispatches from the Kill Floor. In Schatz, E. (ed.), Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Page, T. (2017). Vulnerable writing as feminist methodological practice. Feminist Review, 115:13-29.
Parashar, S. (2016). Introduction: Feminism and Postcolonialism: (En)gendering Encounters. Postcolonial Studies, 19(4):371-377.
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority (2015). Census of Population. [www.psa.gov.ph, accessed 30 October 2020].
Pitlo III, L. B. (2019) The other side of Duterte’s war on drugs: rehabilitation, rescue and rooting out corruption. South China Morning Post, 22 Pebrero.
Reason, P. & Bradbury, H. (2008). Introduction. In Reason, P. & Bradbury, H. (eds.). The Sage handbook of action research, Participative inquiry and practice (2nd Ed.). London: Sage.
Russo, J. (2012). Survivor-controlled research: A new foundation for thinking about psychiatry and mental health. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1):Art. 8.
Scheper-Hughes, N. (1993). Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Scheper-Hughes, N. (1995). The Primacy of the Ethical: Propositions for a Militant Anthropology. Current Anthropology, 36(3):409-440.
Smith, J. K. (1993). After the demise of empiricism: the problem of judging social and education inquiry. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Streusand, D. E. (1997). What Does Jihad Mean? Middle East Quarterly, September: 9-17.
Thieme, J. (2003). Post-colonial Studies: The Essential Glossary. London, Arnold.
Thieme, S. & Siegmann, K. A. (2010). Coping on Women’s Backs: Social Capital-Vulnerability through a Gender Lens. Current Sociology, 58(5):715-737.
Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.